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Accreditation and Quality Assurance: Journal for Quality, Comparability and Reliability in Chemical Measurement (v.4, #5)
Accreditation and quality assurance in Russia: The state of affairs
by Yuri A. Karpov (pp. 168-168).
The Russian system for accreditation of analytical laboratories (centers) by L. K. Isaev; V. M. Lakhov; Y. A. Karpov; I. V. Boldyrev; B. I. Paneva; G. I. Fridman (pp. 169-173).
The history and the present state of the national system for accreditation of analytical laboratories in Russia are described.
Keywords: Key words Accreditation; Accreditation system; Analytical laboratory; Quality assurance; Quality guide
Chemical analysis as a specific class of measurements by Yuri A. Karpov (pp. 174-176).
Specific features of the procedures involved in chemical analysis (sampling, sample preparation, matrix and impurities identification, quantitative analysis) are considered, and their effect on the uncertainty of the result of a quantitative determination of the component of interest is discussed.
Keywords: Key words Chemical analysis; Measurements; Quantitative analysis; Analysis quality assurance
Quality assurance in analytical measurement by V. I. Paneva; Olga B. Ponomareva (pp. 177-184).
The peculiarities of analytical measurement require to check characteristics of the error (its components) of the obtained analysis results to assure the quality of the measurements. This article deals with the various quality assurance procedures and algorithms which are used to check the quality indices, i.e. the accuracy, reproducibility, certainty and repeatability of analytical measurements: These procedures include: laboratory rapid control; Intra-laboratory statistical control (statistical selection control by alternative attribute, statistical selection control by quantity method of periodic check of the analysis procedure for conformity to the specified requirements) and external control (inter-laboratory control checks, inter-laboratory comparison tests, and intra-laboratory control algorithms carried out by the appropriate supervisory body.) in the separately taken laboratory. The respective algorithms, control plans and control requirements, specified according to the different control aims and assurance tasks, enable the quality and certianty of analytical information obtained in laboratories in Russia to be assured.
Keywords: Key words Analytical measurements; Quality assurance; Quality index control; Intra-laboratory control; External control
Identification of chemical substances in analytical measurements by B. L. Milman; M. A. Kovrizhnych; L. A. Konopelko (pp. 185-190).
Characteristic features of identification procedures of chemical substances are described and the metrological requirements for identification are discussed. The procedures are considered to be rigorous enough, if quantitative criteria such as the measure of similarity between physicochemical properties or spectra of the unknown substance and reference materials are used. Identification involves expert opinion which is of prime importance in the analysis of samples of unknown composition. The reliability of substance recognition can be increased by selecting highly qualified personnel, establishing a good information supply, using an on-line combination of separation and detection instruments such as chromatography-spectrometry and estimating the probability of identification. Standard conditions for reliable identification including quantitative criteria are examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as an example.
Keywords: Key words Identification; Chromatography; Spectrometry; Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; Measures of similarity; Samples of unknown composition
Reference materials in the Russian system of accreditation of analytical laboratories by L. I. Goryajeva; Vera I. Paneva (pp. 191-195).
This article is devoted to the role of reference materials (RMs) in chemical analysis and their main applications in analytical laboratories. The principal requirements of the RMs used in accredited laboratories in the Russian Analytical Laboratories Accreditation System (SAAL) are presented. These include the basic regulatory and metrological requirements of RMs. Finally, a review of the provision of RMs used for the analytical control of various test objects is presented.
Keywords: Key words Quantitative chemical analysis; Reference materials; Accredited laboratories
Statistical quality control of PCDD/PCDF analysis using a total measuring data set by E. S. Brodsky; N. A. Klyuev; V. G. Jilnikov (pp. 196-198).
A random error and accuracy estimation approach for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD) and dibenzofurans (PCDF) analysis is presented based on statistical treatment of all the data set registered in a run or in a bunch of uniform runs.
Keywords: Key words Quality control; PCDD/PCDF analysis; Multidimensional statistical methods
A system of metrological assurance of measurement quality for the determination of chemical composition of light alloys and superalloys by G. I. Fridman; N. D. Veller (pp. 199-202).
The paper covers the main principles of setting up and the function of the Russian system of metrological assurance of analytical measurements for the production of light alloys and superalloys.
Keywords: Key words Metrological assurance; Analysis quality; assurance; Standard samples; Light alloys; Superalloys
Reference samples for analysis of gas impurities in aluminium and titanium alloys: Features of production, certification and usage to ensure traceability of results by V. P. Antipin; A. A. Grigorieva (pp. 203-206).
The current state of production, certification and use of standard samples of aluminium- and titanium-based alloys with specified contents of gas impurities is described. A list of the certified standard samples with a specified gas impurity content which are available in Russia is presented.
Keywords: Key words Traceability; Standard samples; Gas impurities; Aluminium alloys; Titanium alloys
External quality assessment schemes for clinical analysis in Russia by V. Dvorkin (pp. 207-211).
The history and the present condition of external quality assessment (EQA) schemes for clinical laboratories in Russia are described briefly. The creation of EQA programmes started in Russia in the 1980s. Now almost 20 years later these schemes have been transformed. The National External Quality Assessment Scheme ensures quality control in the clinical chemistry sector (more than 2000 laboratories) and is the most powerful scheme in Russia. The (Sistema Vneshnego Kontrola Katchestva, *) (BKK) system, covering about 120 Russian laboratories, and a lot of local regional programmes (mainly in Siberia), is also very active. The purposes and design of the operating programs, reference materials used, algorithms of estimation, modes of result representation and development prospects are considered. The basic obstacle to the development of EQA schemes in Russia is financial restriction.
Keywords: Key words External quality assessment (EQA); Russia; Clinical chemistry
New policy in the accreditation of testing and calibration laboratories in Russia by G. I. Ramendik (pp. 211-213).
The structure and activities of a new accreditation body called the Russian Union of Measurement Accreditation Systems (RUMAS) are briefly described.
Keywords: Key words Russia; Accreditation system; Accreditation body; Russian Union of Measurement Accreditation Systems (RUMAS)