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New Window Opens on the Secret Life of Microbes: Scientists Develop First Microbial Profiles of Ecosystems
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Biochemical Genetics (v.44, #9-10)
Genetic Variation of Chinese PRRSV Strains Based on ORF5 Sequence by Jian Chen; Tao Liu; Cheng-Gang Zhu; Yong-Feng Jin; Yao-Zhou Zhang (pp. 421-431).
Thirteen isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from different provinces of China were studied and compared with several PRRSV isolates from other countries. Phylogenetic analysis shows that all Chinese isolates of PRRSV in this study belong to the American genotype, except for one strain, B13, which clustered as a European genotype. Sequence analysis revealed that PRRSV Chinese isolates of the American genotype were highly similar in the ORF5 sequence and could be classified into two subclades. One contains PRRSV isolates that are more closely related to the American vaccine strain MLV Resp and its parent strain VR-2332, and the other contains ones only distantly related to them. Within the Chinese isolates slight genetic variation occurred, and some strains may originate directly from the vaccine virus.
Keywords: PRRSV; ORF5; RT-PCR; phylogenetic analysis; genetic variation
Population Research of Genetic Polymorphism at Amino Acid Position 631 in Chicken Mx Protein with Differential Antiviral Activity by T. Seyama; J. H. Ko; M. Ohe; N. Sasaoka; A. Okada; H. Gomi; A. Yoneda; J. Ueda; M. Nishibori; S. Okamoto; Y. Maeda; T. Watanabe (pp. 432-443).
A single amino acid substitution between Asn and Ser at position 631 in the chicken Mx protein has been reported to determine resistant and sensitive antiviral activity. In this study, we investigate whether various kinds of chicken breeds and jungle fowls carry the resistant or sensitive Mx allelic gene by using the mismatched PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) technique. In total, 271 samples from 36 strains of 17 chicken breeds and from 3 kinds of jungle fowls were examined. The rates of the resistant Mx gene and sensitive gene were 59.2% and 40.8%, respectively. Only a Red jungle fowl captured in Laos carried the resistant Mx gene, and the other three Red jungle fowls from Indonesia and Gray and Green jungle fowls all had the sensitive Mx gene. These results were confirmed by the determination of amino acid sequences in the GTPase effector domain of jungle fowls.
Keywords: chicken; jungle fowl; Mx gene; polymorphism; antiviral gene; PCR-RFLP
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Yellow Camellia (Camellia nitidissima) in China as Revealed by RAPD and AFLP Markers by Shaoqing Tang; Xiaoyun Bin; Li Wang; Yang Zhong (pp. 444-456).
Camellia nitidissima, a rare plant but a useful genetic resource for commercial cultivation of ornamental camellias, is distributed in a narrow region of South China and North Vietnam. In this study, RAPD and AFLP markers were used to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of six natural populations of C. nitidissima from Guangxi in South China. Twenty RAPD primers amplified 183 bands, of which 143 bands were polymorphic, and 8 AFLP primer pairs produced 502 bands, of which 364 were polymorphic. Independent as well as combined analyses of the cluster analyses of the RAPD and AFLP fragments showed that the six populations could be classified into two major genetic groups corresponding to the Nanning and Fangcheng areas. The Mantel test revealed significant correlation between the genetic and geographic distances of C. nitidissima populations (r = 0.953, p = 0.036). AMOVA analysis allowed the partitioning of the genetic variation between groups (36.09%), among populations within groups (25.78%), and within populations (38.14%). An understanding of both the genetic diversity and the population structure of C. nitidissima in China can also provide insight into the conservation and management of this endangered species.
Keywords: genetic diversity; population structure; RAPD; AFLP; Camellia nitidissima ; China
Genetic Structure of Himalayan Snowcock (Tetraogallus himalayensis) Populations in China
by Luzhang Ruan; Lixun Zhang; Qingwei Sun; Naifa Liu (pp. 457-463).
New Polymorphic Microsatellites in Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae) and Their Cross-Amplification in Other Tsetse Fly Taxa by J. O. Ouma; J. G. Marquez; E. S. Krafsur (pp. 464-470).
We report the development and characterization of three new microsatellite markers in the tsetse fly, Glossina pallidipes (Diptera: Glossinidae). Fifty-eight alleles were scored in 192 individuals representing six natural populations. Allelic diversity ranged from 9 to 28 alleles per locus (mean 19.3 ± 5.5). Averaged across loci, observed heterozygosity was 0.581 ± 0.209, and expected heterozygosity was 0.619 ± 0.181. Cross-species amplifications of the G. pallidipes loci in other tsetse fly taxa are reported.
Keywords: tsetse flies; Glossina ; microsatellites