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Biochemical Genetics (v.37, #9-10)
Genetic Diversity in Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) by Jing Luo; Ya-Ping Zhang; Chun-Ling Zhu; Wu-Han Xiao; Shun-You Huang (pp. 267-279).
A survey of restriction fragment polymorphism inmitochondrial DNA of three subspecies of Carassiusauratus throughout four provinces in China wasundertaken using 17 restriction enzymes. Two carp,Cyprinus carpio rubbrofuscus and Cyprinuscarpio carpio, were included as the outgroup. Atotal of 16 haplotypes was observed: 5 in tetraploids ofC. auratus auratus; 8 in hexaploids of C.auratus auratus; and 2 in C. auratus gibelio and C.auratus cuvieri, respectively. The tetraploids andhexaploids share three common haplotypes as I, V, andVI. C. a. Cuvieri may have diverged first amongthe three subspecies. Interestingly, C. a. auratus andC. a. cuvieri did not form monophyletic clades,which indicated that the classification of Carassiusauratus required further studies. The currenthypothesis, that hexaploids originated from tetraploids by a polyploidyevent, is less favorable, based on the distribution ofhaplotypes and the lower diversity in tetraploids thanin hexaploids. Our data also indicate that divergence of hexaploids and tetraploids might be recentand mtDNA polymorphism existed before the divergence.Meanwhile, genetic isolation exists between thehexaploids and the tetraploids.
Keywords: CARASSIUS AURATUS ; TETRAPLOID; HEXAPLOID; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA
Phenotyping of Porcine Apolipoprotein E Using Isoelectric Focusing and Localization of the APOE Gene Within the Halothane-Susceptibility Linkage Group by Jolanta Kuryl (pp. 281-287).
A method has been developed for the phenotypingof pig apolipoprotein E. It was based on isoelectricfocusing of sialidase-treated and delipidated bloodplasma followed by immunoblotting. As the first antibody the anti-human apolipoprotein E antibody wasused. The genetic polymorphism of pig apolipoprotein Eappeared to be controlled by three alleles at one locus.A two-point linkage analysis was performed between certain loci belonging to the halothane linkagegroup and the APOE locus on material comprising 9Zlotnicka Spotted boars, 30 Polish Large White sows, andtheir 160 offspring. A tight linkage between the A1BG and the APOE loci was documented (Θ= 0.038).
Keywords: APOLIPOPROTEIN E; ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING; IMMUNOBLOTTING; GENE LINKAGE
Evolution of the Amylase Isozymes in the Drosophila melanogaster Species Subgroup by Yoshinori Matsuo; Nobuyuki Inomata; Tsuneyuki Yamazaki (pp. 289-300).
The relationship between the net charge ofmolecules and their mobility on electrophoresis wasanalyzed for Drosophila alpha-amylases. Most ofthe differences in electrophoretic mobility, 98.2%, canbe explained by the charge state. Therefore fivereference amino acid sites, which are informativeresidues for charge differences among amylase isozymes,were considered for the evolution of the isozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. Theamylase isozymes in D. melanogaster can beclassified into three groups, I (AMY1,AMY2, and AMY3-A), II(AMY3-B and AMY4), and III(AMY5, AMY6-A, andAMY6-B), based on the differences in the reference sites. The mostprimitive amylase in D. melanogaster was foundto belong to Group I, most likely the AMY2isozyme. Groups II and III could have been derived fromGroup I. These results were confirmed by the analysis of 38amino acid sites with charge differences inDrosophila.
Keywords: AMYLASE; ISOZYME; NET CHARGE; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER ; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION
Structural Changes in the Promoter Region Mediate Transvection at the sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Gene of Drosophila melanogaster by J. B. Gibson; D. S. Reed; S. Bartoszewski; A. V. Wilks (pp. 301-315).
Trans effects at the sn-glycerol-3-phosphatedehydrogenase locus (Gpdh) of Drosophilamelanogaster give rise to an increase in GPDHactivity and mRNA from the wild-type allele inheterozygotes with some low-activity alleles. Either the low-activityalleles that induce the effect have a defectiveP-element inserted between the promoter and a downstreamintronic enhancer element or the promoter region is deleted. The trans effect is pairing dependent,characteristic of transvection at some other loci. Thedefective P-elements that mediate transvection arelocated between the promoter and at least up to 6 bp downstream of the transcription startsite. Transvection at Gpdh appears similar to the“enhancer action in trans” mode at theyellow locus.
Keywords: KP-ELEMENT; ENHANCERS; TRANSVECTION; DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
PCR Error and Molecular Population Genetics
by Norio Kobayashi; Koichiro Tamura; Tadashi Aotsuka (pp. 317-321).