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Biochemical Genetics (v.37, #7-8)
Allozyme Gene Diversities in Some Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) by E. S. Krafsur (pp. 215-226).
Gene diversity at allozyme loci was investigatedin the bean leaf beetle, Ceratoma trifurcataForster; the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogalerucaluteola (Muller); the cottonwood leaf beetle,Chrysomela scripta Fabricus; the western cornrootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte; the southern corn rootworm, also called thespotted cucumber beetle, D. undecimpunctatahowardi Baker; the northern corn rootworm, D. barberi Smith and Lawrence; and theColorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say).Six of these species are economically important pests ofcrops and display adaptive traits that may correlate with genetic diversity. Gene diversityHE in bean leaf beetles was 17.7 ±4.0% among 32 loci. In western corn rootworms, HE = 4.8 ± 2.0% among 36 loci, and inspotted cucumber beetles, HE = 11.9 ± 2.7%among 39 loci. Diversity among 27 loci was 10.5 ±4.3% in the Colorado potato beetle. The data werecompared with gene diversity estimates from other leafbeetle species in which heterozygosities varied from0.3 to 21% and no correlation was detected amongheterozygosities, geographic ranges, or populationdensities. Distributions of single-locusheterozygosities were consistent with selective neutrality ofalleles.
Keywords: GENE DIVERSITY; ALLOZYMES; POPULATION GENETICS; CHRYSOMELIDAE
Closely Linked Polymorphic Markers for Determining the Autosomal Dominant Allele (Cy) in Rat Polycystic Kidney Disease by Shizuko Nagao; Toshikazu Ushijima; Masao Kasahara; Tamio Yamaguchi; Masatomo Kusaka; Jun Matsuda; Minako Nagao; Hisahide Takahashi (pp. 227-235).
The Han:SPRD strain is an SD-background strainknown to be a model of polycystic kidney disease (PKD)expressed through an autosomal dominant gene (Cy).However, different genotypes of this strain cannot be identified in the neonatal period. First, toestablish an accurate method of determining thegenotypes (Cy/Cy, Cy/+, +/+) which cause differentdisease progressions, we used polymorphic markers on rat chromosome 5. PCR products of tissue DNAtemplated with D5Rat9 showed distinct patterns onelectrophoresis indicating three genotypes. Second, todetermine whether the same locus plays a major role inexpressing PKD, we performed linkage analyses in a [BN X(BN X Han:SPRD)F1] backcross. Cy/Cy and Cy/+also caused PKD in a BN background. In this backcross,we discovered that D5Rat11 is located closer to the Cy locus than D5Mgh10, which is regardedas one of the closest loci. We conclude that D5Rat9 andD5Rat11 are useful markers for determining the presenceof the Cy allele, which is regarded as the gene responsible for PKD.
Keywords: POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY; POLYMORPHISM
Extensive Genetic Polymorphism of Peptidases A, B, C, and D, in Wild Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Populations from the Iberian Peninsula by M. Branco; J. C. MaChado; N. Ferrand (pp. 237-249).
Genetic polymorphism of peptidases A, B, C, andD in the wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)was assessed by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis,in a total of 1003 individuals comprising 16 Iberian and 2 French populations and 1 domestic stock.Twenty-five different alleles were detected: 6 in PEPA,4 in PEPB, 8 in PEPC, and 7 in PEPD. The highest valuesof observed heterozygosity averaged over the four loci were obtained for the southwestern Iberianpopulations and a clinal loss of variability in anortheastern direction was detected. A clear separationbetween the two putative subspecies O. c.cuniculus and O. c. algirus was notobtained.
Keywords: PEPTIDASES; RABBIT; ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HETEROZYGOSITY; CLINAL; VARIATION
Acid Phosphatase Polymorphism in European Shad (Fish: Clupeids) by F. Castro; D. Linhares; P. Alexandrino (pp. 251-256).
Genetic polymorphism of acid phosphatases wasinvestigated in 11 populations of the two European Alosaspecies using isoelectric focusing after sampletreatment with neuraminidase. Two distinct loci, ACP1 and ACP2, were detected being ACP2 polymorphic.The observed genetic diversity between the species atthe ACP2 locus supports other studies which indicatethat A. alosa is the less polymorphic species of the two. This locus shows a higher geographicthan interspecific pattern of differentiation and theACP*2 allele is essentially confined to theMediterranean.
Keywords: ACID PHOSPHATASE POLYMORPHISM; EUROPEAN SHAD
Genetic Diversity of Cattle in South China as Revealed by Blood Protein Electrophoresis by Long Nie; Ying Yu; Xi-Quan Zhang; Guan-Fu Yang; Ji-Kun Wen; Ya-Ping Zhang (pp. 257-265).
Genetic variation of 31 blood protein loci in236 cattle from eight South China populations (includingmithan, Bos frontalis) and a Holstein population wasinvestigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Thirteen loci (ALB, CAR, Hb-b,Np, PGM, Amy-I, PEP-B, AKP, 6PGD, Cp, Pa, EsD, and TF)were found to be polymorphic. The comparison of averageheterozygosities (H) shows that all the native cattle embrace a rich genetic diversity. Ourresults on protein polymorphism suggest that cattle inChina originated mainly from Bos indicus and Bos taurus;Xuwen, Hainan, Wenshan, and Dehong cattle and the Dehong zebu are close to zebu-type cattle,and Diqing and Zhaotong cattle are close to the taurine.The mithan was very different from other native cattle,and we suggest that its origin was complicated and may be influenced by other cattlespecies.
Keywords: CATTLE; MITHAN; BOS FRONTALIS; SOUTH CHINA; BLOOD PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS; GENETIC; DIVERSITY