Check out our New Publishers' Select for Free Articles

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology (v.47, #7)

Telomerase inhibitors as novel antitumor drugs by A. I. Glukhov; L. V. Svinareva; S. E. Severin; V. I. Shvets (pp. 655-660).

Telomerase activity is detected in most types of human tumors, but it is almost undetectable in normal somatic cells; therefore, telomerase is a promising therapeutic target. The present review describes various approaches to telomerase inhibition, namely, antisense therapy, RNA interference, and the use of ribozymes and agents interacting with the telomeric G-quadruplex. The use of these compounds in clinical research is analyzed in the review.

Keywords: antisense therapy; immortalization; G-quadruplex; ribozyme; RNA interference; telomerase activity

Effect of rhizosphere bacteria Pseudomonas aureofaciens on the resistance of micropropagated plants to phytopathogens by N. S. Zakharchenko; V. V. Kochetkov; Ya. I. Buryanov; A. M. Boronin (pp. 661-666).

Effects of colonization of micropropagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and strawberry (Fragaria L.) plants by the rhizosphere bacterium Pseudomonas aureofaciens strain BS1393 (VKM B-2188 D) on plant growth and resistance to bacterial and fungal phytopathogens were studied. Pseudomonad colonization improved the physiological characteristics of plants and enhanced their adaptation to in vivo conditions. The presence of P. aureofaciens cells in various plant tissues (leaves, stems, and roots) in vitro was demonstrated on the background of plant cocolonization by two associative strains—P. aureofaciens strain BS1393 (VKM-B-2188 D) and Methylovorus mays (VKM-B-2221). The colonized plants displayed an increased resistance to the phytopathogens Erwinia carotovora, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Phytophthora infestans. These results demonstrate that pseudomonades are promising for practical application in the microbial protection of plants against phytopathogens.

Keywords: in vitro colonization; rhizosphere bacteria; phytopathogens; Pseudomonas

Asporogenic recombinant producer of anthrax protective antigen by N. I. Mikshis; O. M. Kudryavtseva; D. V. Shulepov; A. Yu. Goncharova; M. F. Bolotnikova; L. V. Novikova; Yu. A. Popov; V. V. Kutyrev (pp. 667-673).

An asporogenic recombinant strain Bacillus anthracis 55ΔTPA-1(Spo⁻) producing anthrax protective antigen (PA) was obtained. The strain contains structural gene pag as a part of a hybrid replicon pUB110PA-1 and lacks determinants encoding the synthesis of main factors of anthrax pathogenicity. The level of PA production by asporogenic genetically engineered strain is approximately 80 μg/ml that is 4–5 times more than the values determined for vaccine strains B. anthracis STI-1 and B. anthracis 55. The strain preserves asporogenicity and ability to replicate the hybrid plasmid after in vitro passages. Biologically active PA was isolated from the constructed strain B. anthracis 55ΔTPA-1(Spo⁻). Double immunization of rabbits with 50 μg of the purified recombinant product provides their 100% protection from infection with 50 LD₅₀ of a highly virulent anthrax strain.

Keywords: asporogenicity; protective antigen; recombinant strain; anthrax vaccines; B. anthracis

Dependence of the hydrolytic exoenzyme production level on the way of Bacillus subtilis culturing by T. M. Grigor’eva; V. M. Trekhova; R. R. Azizbekyan (pp. 674-680).

An 867 mutant has been derived from a B. subtilis 1560 strain capable of biofilm formation during stationary culturing. The mutant was able to form more elastic and resistant to mechanical stress biofilms that could be used in fermentation more than once. Analysis of the hydrolytic activity of the 1560 and 867 strains film and submerged cultures showed that the biofilm culturing permitted to enhance the levels of amylase by 1.5–2.4 times and that of glucanase by three times.

Keywords: amylase; Bacillus sutbilis ; film-forming strain; glucanase; mutant

Hydrolysis of acrylonitrile by nitrile-converting bacterial cells immobilized on fibrous carbon adsorbents by Yu. G. Maksimova; A. Yu. Maksimov; V. A. Demakov; K. V. Kozlov; G. V. Ovechkina; V. F. Olontsev (pp. 681-687).

Cells of the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain C2 containing nitrilase and Rhodococcus ruber strain gt1 with nitrile hydratase activity have been immobilized by the use of adsorption on fibrous carbon materials. It has been shown that the maximum adsorption value of Rhodococcus cells is higher than that in pseudomonades, reaching 21 mg of dry cells/1 g of the carrier vs. 6 mg, respectively. Cell adsorption, compared to cell suspension, gives a significant rise in nitrilase activity (by 7.4 times, using Ural TM-4 as the carrier) and in the stability of nitrile hydratase activity (5 reaction cycles without loss of activity, using Carbopon-B-active). Immobilized biocatalysts were also obtained by cell growth from Ps. fluorescens strain C2 and Rhodococcus ruber strain gt1 on fibrous carbon adsorbents. Biocatalyst productivity was higher for both strains when the carbonized material Ural TM-4 was used as the carrier.

Keywords: adsorption; immobilization; fibrous carbon adsorbents; nitrilase activity; nitrile-converting bacteria; nitrile hydratase activity

Reactivation of biocatalysts after long-term storage and startup of the DEAMOX process by A. I. Trukhina; M. A. Gladchenko; S. V. Kaluzhnyi (pp. 688-694).

Studies of our laboratory have led to elaboration of the DEAMOX (DEnitrifying AMmonia OXidation) technology intended for removal of nitrogen contaminants from wastewater. The DEAMOX process comprises two anaerobic stages implemented by the same sludge biocatalyst, namely, denitratation (conversion of nitrate to nitrite) and anammox reaction (ANaerobic AMmonium nitrogen OXidation by nitrite). The results of reactivation of biocatalysts after their long-term storage (5 and 16 months) and successful startup of the DEAMOX process in two modifications (S- and O-) are described. An S-DEAMOX process was launched using a sludge biocatalyst with restored anammox activity of 20.1 mg N/g VSS/day; this process provided removal of 78% of nitrogen in reactor over 20 days. The launched O-DEAMOX process with the sludge biocatalyst with anammox activity of 6.1 mg N/g VSS/day provided for 87% removal of the total nitrogen compounds over 30 days. Two different electron donors were used at the stage of nitrate conversion to nitrite, namely, an inorganic donor, sulfide (S-DEAMOX), and an organic one, acetate (O-DEAMOX).

Keywords: anammox; anaerobic oxidation; DEAMOX

Effect of Trichoderma viride introduction on the technological parameters of vermicultivation and vermicompost quality by A. B. Bubina; N. N. Tereshchenko (pp. 695-699).

The performed study demonstrates that a preliminary fermentation of organic substrate with Trichoderma is promising, since this allows the vermicultivation time to be reduced and the yield and quality of vermicompost to be elevated.

Keywords: vermicompost; vermicultivation; introduction; growth-stimulating activity; Trichoderma viride

Design of a test system based on magnetic particles with immobilized monoclonal antibodies for selective Bacillus anthracis spore concentration by A. E. Khlyntseva; E. V. Belova; I. V. Zharnikova; I. S. Tyumentseva; A. N. Kulichenko; I. A. Dyatlov; I. G. Shemyakin (pp. 700-706).

Magnetic immunosorbents (MIS) have been designed using antianthrax monoclonal antibodies immobilized on aluminum silicate—iron oxide matrix activated by sodium perchlorate. MIS allows us to concentrate the analyzed microorganism and to decontaminate culture from concomitant microflora. Diagnostic test systems constructed on the basis of MIS were tested on pure Bacillus anthracis cultures and in the model experiments. The results testify to the high specificity and sensitivity (10²–10³ spore/ml) of the designed test systems.

Keywords: activity; magnetic immunosorbents; monoclonal antibodies; specific

Development of enzyme immunoassay of amphetamines in human biological fluids by R. Yu. Kiselyova; M. A. Myagkova; I. V. Shakir; E. A. Bryun; V. S. Morozova (pp. 707-710).

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of amphetamines in urine was developed. The conditions for ELISA using an antigen obtained from the derivative of amphetamine and ovalbumin were optimized. It was shown that the specificity of the proposed method when used in clinical conditions corresponds to that of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.

Keywords: amphetamines; enzyme immunoassay; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Sections

Personal tools

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology (v.47, #7)

Sections

Personal tools

Local resources

Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology (v.47, #7)