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Antiviral Research (v.90, #2)

Thiazolylthioacetamides as a Novel Class of Potential Antiviral Agents by Peng Zhan; Xuwang Chen; Xinyong Liu; Christophe Pannecouque; Lieve Naesens; Erik De Clercq; Ailin Liu; Guanhua Du (pp. a67).

Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Proteome and RNA Silencing Suppressors (RSS): A Search by Amit Kumar; Subrat K. Panda; Hemlata Durgapal (pp. a57).

Cost Effective Rapid Virological Response Guided Peginterferon Therapy Plan in HCV Genotype 3 Pakistani Population by Hafsa Aziz; Abida Raza; Uzma Adeeb; Amin Athar; Muzaffar L. Gill (pp. a53-a54).

Differential Expression of Host Cellular Factors upon HIV-1 Reactivation by Paula Ordonez Suarez; Takayuki Hamasaki; Masanori Baba; Mika Okamoto (pp. a51).

Beta5 integrin is the major contributor to the alphaV integrin-mediated blockade of HIV-1 replication by Ester Ballana; Eduardo Pauls; Bonaventura Clotet; Françoise Perron-Sierra; Gordon C. Tucker; José A. Esté (pp. a23).

Targeting the Flavivirus Helicase by Eloise Mastrangelo; Margherita Pezzullo; Martino Bolognesi; Suzanne Keptein; Johan Neyts; Boris Pastorino; Xavier de Lambellerie; Mario Milani (pp. a72-a73).

Engineering Genetic Suppressor Elements against Hepatits C Virus by Zhilei Chen; Rudo Simeno (pp. a55).

Activity of Novel Cyclophilin Inhibitors based on the Polyketide, Sanglifehrin A, against HIV by Michael Bobardt; Steven Moss; Udayan Chatterji; Mohammad Nur-E-Alam; Tony Warneck; Barrie Wilkinson; Philippe Gallay; Matthew Gregory (pp. a29).

Role of Cathepsin A and Lysosomes in the Intracellular Activation of Novel Anti-papillomavirus Agent GS-9191 by Gabriel Birkus; Nilima Kutty; Christian Frey; Riri Shribata; Tsuifen Chou; Carston Wagner; Martin McDermott; Tomas Cihlar (pp. a49).

Investigation of the Effects on Early Secretory Pathway in Cultured Cells and Potential Application of Antiviral Substances by V. Levakova; A.S. Galabov (pp. a57).

Silibinin Abolish the Enhanced Expression of Fibrosis-Related Molecules Caused by Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein by Ming-Ju Hsieh; Yen-Chen Liu; Tzy-Yen Chen; Hui-Ling Chiou (pp. a56).

The Protective Action Arbivirin and Aminocaproic Acid during the Experimental Influenza by V. Lozitsky; A. Fedchuk; T. Grydina; S. Rybalko; V. Cherednichenko (pp. a37).

Identification of New Druggable Antiviral Targets by Chemical Genetics by Richard Y. Kao; Kwok-Yung Yuen (pp. a27).

Antiviral Effect of Molluscan Haemocyanines by Lyudmila Velkova; Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb; Lucia Mukova; Aleksander Dolashki; Pavlina Dolashka; Angel S. Galabov (pp. a47-a48).

Antiviral Effectivity of Ceria Colloid Solutions by Nadiya Zholobak; Alexander Shcherbakov; Vladimir Ivanov; Zoya Olevinskaya; Nikolay Spivak (pp. a67).

Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication by Tricin (4′,5,7-Trihydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyflavone) by Tsugiya Murayama; Ying Li; Rie Yamada; Hidetaka Sadanari; Keiko Matsubara; Yuuzo Tuchida; Mamoru Koketsu; Kunitomo Watanabe (pp. a60).

Occurrence of Opportunistic Infections in People Living with HIV/AIDS Following Antiretroviral Therapy in West Bengal, India by Sayan Chakraborty; Mehebubar Rahman; Bibhuti Saha (pp. a29-a30).

Anti-EBV Activity of Hemocyanin Isolated from Helix Lucorum by Svitlana D. Zagorodnya; Pavlina Dolashka; Galina V. Baranova; Anna V. Golovan; Nadiya V. Nesterova (pp. a66).

Stereoselective Synthesis of Different Types of Nucleotide Prodrugs by Chris Meier; Rios Morales Edwuin Hander; Arbelo Román Cristina; Lindström Nadine; Balzarini Jan (pp. a73).

The Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Antiviral Research - Author Index (pp. a79-a82).

Antiviral Activity of Carbohydrate-containing Biopolymers of Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens by Victoria V. Shepelevitch; Volodymyr V. Shubchynskyy; Ludmila D. Varbanets; Elena A. Kiprianova (pp. a64).

Effects of the Addition of Hiltonol^® (Poly-ICLC) to a SARS-CoV S Protein Vaccine in Lethal SARS-CoV Mouse Model by Dale L. Barnard; Miles Wandersee; Kevin Bailey; Aaron Smith; Zach Vest; John D. Morrey; Andres M. Salazar (pp. a28).

Combined Anti-influenza Virus Effect of Natural and Synthetic Viral Inhibitors by Julia Serkedjieva; Iskra Ivanova (pp. a43).

Virucidal Activity of Calluses’ Extracts from Tobacco-Plants by V. Lozitsky; A. Fedchuk; T. Grydina; L. Mudryk; L. Shitikova; L. Socheslo (pp. a57-a58).

Antiviral Activity of Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle Fractions Against HSV-1 by Adibah A. Bahtiar; Nazlina Ibrahim; Ismail Ahmad (pp. a54).

Antiarboviral Efficacy of Combined Application of Interferon Inducers and Proteolysis Inhibitor by Mykhajloik Kozlovsky; Vikor Lozitsky; Igor Benzel; Ihor Lozynsky; Sergij Lyakhov; Lyudmyla Litvinova (pp. a35-a36).

DMPK and Metabolism Studies of Nucleoside Phosphoramidates Including INX-08189, A Novel Double Pro-drug and Clinical Candidate for Hepatitis C Virus Therapy by Jeff T. Hutchins; Christopher McGuigan; Stanley D. Chamberlain; Karolina W. Madela; Mohamed Aljarah; John Vernachio; Joseph M. Patti; Geoffrey Henson (pp. a22-a23).

Effective Treatment Plan for G3 Patients (pp. a53).

New Caledonian Plants As A Source of Dengue Virus Inhibitors by Jean-Claude Guillemot; Pierre-Marie Allard; Paul Coulerie; Cecilia Eydoux; Françoise Gueritte; Edouard Hnawia; Canard Bruno; Litaudon Marc (pp. a56).

dsRNA binding characterization of full length recombinant wild type and mutants Zaire ebolavirus VP35 by Luca Zinzula; Francesca Esposito; Daniela Pala; Enzo Tramontano (pp. a49).

Synthesis and Anti-HIV Activity ofd-peptide Analogs as HIV Fusion Inhibitors by Alice Baron; Christine Kreuz; Gilles Gosselin; Frederic Lamaty; Jean Martinez; Dominique Surleraux; Claire Pierra; Pascal Clayette (pp. a28-a29).

2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus: What Special for its HA and NA? by George F. Gao; Christopher J. Vavricka (pp. a26).

Combinatorial Anti-arenaviral Therapy with the Small Molecule SKI-1/S1P Inhibitor PF-429242 and Ribavirin by Antonella Pasquato; Cylia Rochat; Juan Carlos de la Torre; Stefan Kunz (pp. a62).

Doxycycline in Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus Infection by Liubov Kozlovskaya; Yulia Rogova; Galina Karganova (pp. a35).

Development of Novel Evaluation Method to Anti-influenza Drug Resistance using Docking Study by Norihito Kawashita; Masashi Yasuda; Yu-Shi Tian; Kousuke Okamoto; Masaya Kawase; Teruo Yasunaga; Tatsuya Takagi (pp. a71).

Synthesis and In Vitro Anti-influenza Activity of New Amino Acids and Peptidomimetics Derivatives of Oseltamivir and Rimantadine by Ivanka Stankova; Kiril Chuchkov; Michaela Schmidtke; Angel Galabov (pp. a76).

CMX001 Potentiates the Efficacy of Acyclovir in Herpes Simplex Virus Infections by Mark Prichard; Earl Kern; Caroll Hartline; Emma Harden; Randall Lanier; Debra Quenelle (pp. a25).

Synthesis, Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight on Drug Release and Anti-HIV Activity of PEGylated AZT Conjugates by Wenjun Li; Peng Zhan; Jingde Wu; Yu Chang; Christophe Pannecouque; Erik De Clercq; Xinyong Liu (pp. a37).

Enhanced Cellular Penetration of ODE-(S)-MPMPA Accounts for Its Prolonged Post-exposure Anti-HCV Activity by David L. Wyles; Krysten A. Jones; Nadejda Valiaeva; James R. Beadle; Robert T. Schooley; Karl Y. Hostetler (pp. a65-a66).

Identification and Characterization of Azolo-1,3-benzoxazines and Condensed Benzopyrans as Potent Non-nucleoside Inhibitors of Orthopoxviruses by Yuri Klimochkin; Vitalij Osyanin; Natalia Sidorina; Marina Leonova; Evgeny Belanov; Olga Serova; Sergey Balakhin; Nikolay Bormotov (pp. a50).

RNA Interference Mediated Gene Silencing of Influenza A Virus: A Tool for Potent Antiviral Therapy by Madhu Khanna; Prashant Kumar; Vikas sood; Roopali Rajput; Akhil Banerjea (pp. a34).

HLA-C-35C/T Variant: Genetic Association to HIV-1 Disease Progression and Functional Links by Alba Ruiz; Ester Ballana; Beatriz Mothe; Eulalia Grau; Bonaventura Clotet; Christian Brander; José A. Esté (pp. a41-a42).

Study of NS5B Oligomerization by FRET: Characterization and Inhibition by Itxaso Bellón-Echeverría; Alberto J. López-Jiménez; Pilar Clemente-Casares; Jose A. Encinar; Elisa Martínez-Alfaro; Ricardo Pérez-Flores; Antonio Mas (pp. a21-a22).

Polymer-coupled Systems for Blocking the Viral Fusion 1. Modeling in silico the in vitro HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors by V. Tsvetkov; A. Veselovski; A. Serbin (pp. a46).

Effective Prophylactic and Therapeutic Treatment of Yellow Fever Virus with an Adenovirus-vectored Interferon, DEF201, in a Hamster Model by Justin G. Julander; Jane Ennis; John Morrey; Jeff Turner (pp. a34).

IDX375, A Novel Allosteric HCV Polymerase Inhibitor: In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Preclinical Profile by C.B. Dousson; S.S. Good; M. La Colla; J. Bilello; M. Seifer; D.N. Standring; J.-L. Paparin; D. Surleraux (pp. a21).

A viable Human Influenza A Virus Lacking Neuraminidase (NA) Activity-isolation and Characterization by Martina Richter; Sandor Nietzsche; Elke Bogner; Peter Wutzler; Michaela Schmidtke (pp. a52).

SP600125 Inhibits Orthopoxviruses Replication on a JNK1/2-Independent Manner – Implication as a Potential Anti-Poxviral by Anna C.P. Pereira; Jamaria A.P. Soares; Flavia G.G. Leite; André F. da Cruz; Alice A. Torres; Erna G. Kroon; Paulo C.P. Ferreira; Cláudio A. Bonjardim (pp. a38-a39).

In vitro Selection of HCV Replicons with Reduced Sensitivity to PSI-352938, A Cyclicphosphate Prodrug of β-d-2′-α-F-2′-β- C-Methylguanosine by Angela M. Lam; Christine Espiritu; Shalini Bansal; Holly M. Micolochick Steuer; Veronique Zennou; Michael J. Otto; Phillip A. Furman (pp. a22).

Studies on Anti-HSV Activity and Cytotoxicity of Morinda citrifolia L. Noni Leaf by Periyasamy Selvam; Julie M. Breitenbach; Katherine Z. Borysko; John C. Drach (pp. a63-a64).

Identification of Alphavirus Inhibitors by Using Virus-Based Assays and a Chikungunya Replicon Cell Line by Tero Ahola; Leena Pohjala; Pasi Kaukinen; Age Utt; Margus Varjak; Andres Merits; Päivi Tammela (pp. a52-a53).

European Virus Archive by Jean-Louis Romette (pp. a41).

Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of N⁹-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)ethyl] (PME) Analogues Derived from 8-Substituted Purines by Zlatko Janeba; Antonín Holý; Robert Snoeck; Graciela Andrei; Erik De Clercq; Jan Balzarini (pp. a69-a70).

Design, Synthesis, and Anti-HCV Activity of 2′-Modified-4′-selenonucleosides by Lak Shin Jeong; Jin Ha Yu; Hyuk Woo Lee; Jung Hee Choi; Won Jun Choi (pp. a70).

Antiherpes Activities of Some Medical Plants from the Lamiaceae by Kalina A. Kostova; Anton V. Hinkov; Stoyan A. Shishkov; Daniel G. Todorov; Milena A. Dimitrova; Zhenya P. Yordanowa; Veneta M. Kapchina-Toteva (pp. a56).

Synthesis and evaluation of biological activity of new aminoadamantane amides containing hydroxycinnamoyl moiety by Maya G. Chochkova; Asya P. Georgieva; Galya I. Ivanova; Ivanka G. Stankova; Tsenka S. Milkova (pp. a69).

Notes to Authors (pp. co3).

Crimean Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus: An Emerging Concern for Iran's Public Health by Sadegh Chinikar; Ramin Mirahmadi; Maryam Moradi; Mojtaba Ghiasi; Akram Sadeh; Sahar Khakifirouz; Fereshteh Sadat Varai; Maisam Asl Solaimani (pp. a30).

Inhibition of Influenza Virus-induced NF-kB and ERK Activation can Simultaneously Reduce Both, Virus Titres and Cytokine Expression In Vitro and In Vivo by Ruth Pinto; Susanne Herold; Lidija Cakarova; Katrin Hoegner; Jürgen Lohmeyer; Oliver Planz; Stephan Pleschka (pp. a51).

Novel Inhibitors of Nuclear Translocation of HIV-1 Integrase by Kylie Wagstaff; Stephen Rawlinson; Anna Hearps; David Jans (pp. a48).

Avoidance of Coxsackievirus Drug Resistance by Using a Novel Scheme of Combining Anti-Enteroviral Inhibitors In Vivo by Ralitsa Vassileva-Pencheva; Angel S. Galabov (pp. a47).

Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates: Past, Present, and Future (pp. a70).

Generation of dsRNAs Targeting VP1 and VP3 Gene Regions of Coxsackievirus B1 Utilizing Bacteriophage ф6 Polymerase Complex by Nikolay M. Petrov; Dennis H. Bamford; Ralitsa Vassileva-Pencheva; Angel S. Galabov (pp. a62).

Computer-aided Design and Evaluation of Novel Anti-CHIKV Compounds by Marcella Bassetto; Tine De Burghgraeve; Pieter Leyssen; Johan Neyts; Andrea Brancale (pp. a67).

The Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever European Consortium: Modern Approaches to Diagnostics, Epidemiology, Prevention, Therapy and Preparedness by Ali Mirazimi; Jerome Weinbach; Manfred Weidmann; Anna Papa-Konidari; Peter Leyssen; Gülay Korukluoğlu; Friedemann Weber (pp. a59).

Evaluation of Approved Antivirals for Inhibition of Xenotropic Murine Leukemia-Related Virus (XMRV) in Cell-Based Assays by Tracy L. Hartman; Robert W. Buckheit Jr. (pp. a50).

Antiviral Activity of the MEK-inhibitor U0126 against Pandemic H1N1v and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus In Vitro and In Vivo by Karoline Droebner; Stephan Ludwig; Stephan Pleschka; Oliver Planz (pp. a32).

The Design and Synthesis of Pyrolle-Carbaldehydes as HIV-1 Integrase Strand-Transfer Inhibitors by Raymond Hewer; Telisha Traut; Bradley Williams; Judy Coates (pp. a50).

Antiviral Activity of a Thioglycoside Derivative Mimicking Tunicamycin Structure by Ewelina Krol; Dawid Nidzworski; Grazyna Pastuch-Gawolek; Grzegorz Grynkiewicz; Wieslaw Szeja; Boguslaw Szewczyk (pp. a57).

Tick-borne Flaviviruses Infection in Non-human Primates by Yulia Rogova; Natalia Pripuzova; Larissa Gmyl; Natalia Tereshkina; Liubov Terekhina; Mikhail Vorovich; Karina Grishina; Galina Karganova (pp. a75).

Identification of a Novel Antiviral Drug Targeting at Host Apoptotic Responses by Linlin Gu; Qianjun Li (pp. a55).

Excision of AZT and d4T Modulated by Deletions in the β3–β4 Hairpin Loop of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase by Mónica Kisic; Tania Matamoros; María Nevot; Jesús Mendieta; Javier Martinez-Picado; Miguel A. Martínez; Luis Menéndez-Arias (pp. a35).

Styrylpyrone Derivative of Goniothalamus umbrosus Inhibit HSV-1 Infection During Viral Early Replication Cycle by Norefrina S. Md Nor; Nazlina Ibrahim (pp. a58).

The 3D-Screen Technology, an Innovative Cell-based Assay to Identify Modulators that Alter Target Protein Conformation: Example with HCV by Isabelle Valarche; Amaya Berecibar; Mehdi Lahmar; Luc Batard; Aurelie Martin; Annick Piessens; Celine Fernagut; Caroline Freslon-Evain; Philippe Guedat; Majid Mehtali (pp. a77).

A Comparison of the ability of wild-type and S282T mutant HCV NS5B to incorporate 2′-α-F-2′-β- C-methylguanosine-5′-monophosphate and 2′-α-OH-2′-β- C-methylguanosine-5′-monophosphate by Eisuke Murakami; Haiying Bao; Angela M. Lam; Christine Espiritu; Shalini Bansal; Phillip A. Furman (pp. a73).

Targeted Elimination of HIV Infected Cells: Synergistic Combination of Dexamethasone and DEAE as a Paradigm by Najoua Elbourkadi; Lijun Zhao; Ethan Will Taylor (pp. a32).

Control of HIV-infection with Visits Scheduled Every Four or Every Six Months. A Comparative Randomized Study by Bernardno Roca; Elena Resino; Maria Cruz del Monte; Manuel Roca (pp. a41).

Synthesis of Novel CADA Analog Prodrugs Designed as Down-Modulators of the CD4 Receptor by Emily D. Scarbrough; Kurt Vermeire; Dominique Schols; Thomas W. Bell (pp. a75-a76).

Antiadenoviral Assay, Based on the Quantitative Detection of Infected Cells Containing Virus-induced Intranuclear Inclusion Bodies by Lidiya N. Nosach (pp. a61).

Cyclopropavir Inhibits the Normal Function of the Human Cytomegalovirus UL97 Kinase by Mark Prichard; Caroll Hartline; Rachel Gill; Terry Bowlin; Scott James (pp. a24).

Design, Synthesis and West Nile Protease Inhibitory Activity of Novel Isatin Derivatives by Periyasamy Selvam; Priya Srinivasan; Tanvi Khot; R. Padmanaban (pp. a28).

Structure-based design of small-molecules that selectively inhibit dengue virus methyltransferase by Christian G. Noble (pp. a74).

Anti-viral Properties and Mode of Action of Standardized Echinacea purpurea Extract Against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1, H7N7) and Swine-origin H1N1 (S-OIV) by Stephan Pleschka; Roland Schoop; James B. Hudson (pp. a39).

Synthesis, Anti-HIV and Cytotoxic Activity of Some Novel Isatine-Sulfisomidine Derivatives by Periyasamy Selvam; Markandavel Chandramohan; Christophe Pannecouque; E. De Clercq (pp. a42).

Identification of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Dual Inhibitors by a Combined Shape-, 2D-Fingerprint- and Pharmacophore-based Virtual Screening Approach by Simona Distinto; Francesca Esposito; Johannes Kirchmair; Cristina M. Cardia; Elias Maccioni; Stefano Alcaro; Luca Zinzula; Enzo Tramontano (pp. a31).

Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase Inhibitor GLS122E and Its 6-Deoxy Prodrug GLS361B (Sacrovir™)—Potential for Preventing Viral Disease Recurrence In Vivo by Ivan B. Yanachkov; Edward J. Dix; Milka I. Yanachkova; Sofya Dvoskin; Wei-Chu Xu; Bryan M. Gebhardt; George E. Wright (pp. a77-a78).

In Vitro Combination Therapy with Tegobuvir (GS-9190) is Highly Efficient in Curing Cells from HCV Replicon and in Delaying/Preventing the Development of Antiviral Resistance by Inge Vliegen; Jan Paeshuyse; I-hung Shih; Gerhard Pürstinger; Steven Bondy; William A. Lee; Weidong Zhong; Johan Neyts (pp. a65).

Human subtilase Site-1 Protease (S1P): An Emerging Host Cell Target for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection and HCV-associated Steatogenesis by Andrea D. Olmstead; François Jean (pp. a22).

HIV Full-Replication Technology for Identification of Novel HIV Inhibitors from Multiple Sources by Stephan Kremb; Markus Helfer; Horst Wolff; Andrea Kleinschmidt; Jörg Durner; Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin; Ruth Brack-Werner (pp. a36).

Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Antiviral Research - Front Pages (pp. a1-a20).

Antiviral Effect of the Sulfated Polysaccharide, p-KG03, Against Influenza A Virus by Meehyein Kim; So-Yeon Kim; Hae Soo Kim; Joung Han Yim; Woo Ghil Lee; Chong-Kyo Lee (pp. a34-a35).

Indolylarylsulfones as HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: New Cyclic Substituents at the Indole-2-carboxamide by Giuseppe La Regina; Antonio Coluccia; Andrea Brancale; Giovanni Maga; Jan Balzarini; Ettore Novellino; Romano Silvestri (pp. a71-a72).

Discovery of Novel Natural Neuraminidase Inhibitors (NAI) based on In Silico Screening and Antiviral Investigations by Michaela Schmidtke; Judith M. Rollinger; Ulrike Grienke; Nora Seidel; Andi Krumbholz; Peter Wutzler; Klaus R. Liedl; Johannes Kirchmair (pp. a42).

Safety and Human Pharmacokinetics of AIC316, a Potent Helicase-Primase Inhibitor of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) by Alexander Birkmann; Dirk Kropeit; David McCormick; Holger Zimmermann; Helga Ruebsamen-Schaeff (pp. a25).

Triterpenoids from Platycodon grandiflorum Inhibit Hepatitis C Virus Replication by Sang Jin Park; Jong Hwan Lim; Jae Won Yang; Jung Cheul Shin; Eun-Joo Kim; Joo Won Suh; Soon B. Hwang; Jong Woo Kim (pp. a61-a62).

2′- and 4′-Modified Ribonucleoside Analogs Can Inhibit All Four Serotypes of Dengue Virus in Human Primary Dendritic Cells as Competitive Inhibitors and Non-obligatory Chain Terminators by Hassan Javanbakht; Vincent Leveque; Zhinan Jin; Jerome Deval; Andreas Jekle; Gabrielle Heilek; Han Ma; Klaus Klumpp (pp. a26).

Invitation to "The Twenty-Fourth International Conference on Antiviral Research" (pp. a83-a84).

Mechanism of HIV-1 Neutralization by an Antibody: Reversible Binding Stalls Entry by David Kabat; Emily Platt (pp. a23).

Activities of Viral M2 Channel, Neuraminidase, and RNA Polymerase Inhibitors on Oseltamivir-Resistant H275Y Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infections in Mice by Donald F. Smee; Min-Hui Wong; E. Bart Tarbet; Justin Julander; Matthew Gross; Jack Nguyen (pp. a27).

PHYTOCHIK: Biodiversity As A Source of Selective Inhibitors of CHIKV Replication by Pieter Leyssen; Marc Litaudon; Jean-Claude Guillemot; Philippe Rasoanaivo; Jacqueline Smadja; Ameenah Gurib-Fakim; Bruno Canard; Françoise Guéritte (pp. a36-a37).

Favipiravir (T-705) Treatment of Experimental Arenaviral Infection Initiated after the Onset of Clinical Disease by Brian B. Gowen; Michelle Mendenhall; Andrew Russell; Donald F. Smee; Yousuke Furuta (pp. a52).

Ellagitannins as New Highly Efficient Inhibitors of Herpes Simplex Virus Replication and Synergists of Acyclovir by Nelly Vilhelmova; Adelina Stoyanova; R. Jacquet; S. Quideau; Angel S. Galabov (pp. a64-a65).

Human Papillomavirus Genotype Distribution in Women in Montenegro by Danijela Vujošević; Vineta Vuksanovic; Mario Poljak; Nebojša Joksimovic (pp. a65).

Polymer-cooperative Approach to Multi-blocking the Viruses by A. Serbin; E. Karaseva; O. Alikhanova; V. Tsvetkov (pp. a76).

Identification and Characterization of OBR-5-340 – A Novel Broad-spectrum Anti-human Rhinovirus (HRV) Inhibitor by Martina Richter; Vadim A. Makarov; Olga B. Riabova; Peter Wutzler; Michaela Schmidtke (pp. a40).

Amino Acid Substitutions At Residue 207 of Viral Capsid Protein 1 (VP1) Confer Pleconaril Resistance in Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) by Heike Braun; Vadim A. Makarov; Olga B. Riabova; Peter Wutzler; Michaela Schmidtke (pp. a54-a55).

An Analogue of the Antibiotic Teicoplanin Inhibits Dengue Virus Entry In Vitro by Tine De Burghgraeve; Suzanne J.F. Kaptein; Jan Paeshuyse; Vanesa Ayala-Nunez; Maria Preobrazhenskaya; Andrea Gamarnik; Jolanda Smit; Johan Neyts (pp. a31).

Discovery and Development of Orally Active Antivirals for the Treatment of RSV: Identification of BTA9881 and a 2^nd Generation Candidate by Simon Tucker; Alistair Draffan; Jennifer Fenner; Jega Iswaran; Angela Luttick; Mike McCarthy; Gary Pitt; Jane Ryan (pp. a46-a47).

Tripartate Prodrugs of Hydroxy-containing Compounds by María-José Camarasa; Alberto Diez-Torrubia; Silvia Cabrera; Graciela Andrei; Robert Snoeck; Jan Balzarini; Sonsoles Velázquez (pp. a68-a69).

Anti-HCV Drug Development (pp. a72).

A Catalytic 3D Model Development of HIV-Integrase and Drug Resistance Understanding by Molecular Dynamics Simulation by Ashoke Sharon; Tuniki Balaraju; Chandralata Bal (pp. a43-a44).

A Novel Family of Multivalent Compounds able to Interact with GP120: Anti-HIV Evaluation and Binding Analysis With Surface Plasmon Resonance by Virginia Lozano; Leire Aguado; Bart Hoorelbeke; Marleen Renders; María-José Camarasa; Ana San-Félix; Jan Balzarini; María-Jesús Pérez-Pérez (pp. a72).

European Training Network on (+)RNA Virus Replication and Antiviral Drug Development by Frank van Kuppeveld; Eric Snijder; Alexander Gorbalenya; Bruno Canard; Ralf Bartenschlager; Johan Neyts; Andrea Brancale; Chris McGuigan (pp. a64).

Photodynamic Effect of Phthalocyanine–Zn (II) Complexes on Some Enveloped Viruses by M. Remichkova; L. Mukova; L. Doumanova; V. Mantareva; I. Angelov; V. Kussovski; A.S. Galabov (pp. a39-a40).

Editorial Board (pp. ii).

Adenosine Deaminase-like Protein 1 (ADAL1) Catalyzes Removal of Different Alkyl Groups from N⁶- or O⁶-substituted Purine or 2-Aminopurine Nucleoside Monophosphates by Eisuke Murakami; Haiying Bao; Ralph Mosely; Jinfa Du; Michael J. Sofia; Phillip A. Furman (pp. a60).

Nitazoxanide is an Indirect Inhibitor of HCV Replication Through Modulation of Cellular Kinase CKI Alpha to Enhance HCV NS5A Hyperphosphorylation by Abigail Montero; Prasanth Viswanathan; Chansuek Yon; Brent Korba (pp. a59).

Novel 2-Styryl-8-hydroxyquinolines (8SQs) Derivatives with Anti-HIV-1 Activity Targeting Viral Integrase and Protease by Anton V. Hinkov; Kamelia R. Stanoeva; Sevdalina H. Raleva; Vasil G. Atanasov; Petya D. Genova-Kalou; Radka M. Argirova (pp. a33).

Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine Candidates from Chimeric Hepatitis B Core Virus-like Particles Carrying Different Fragments of HCV Non-structural Protein 3 by Marija Mihailova; Anastasija Dovbenko; Janis Bogans; Andreas Walker; Velta Ose; Irina Sominskaya; Sergei Viazov; Pauls Pumpens (pp. a59).

CMX001 (Hexadecyloxypropyl Cidofovir) Antiviral Activity against Adenovirus in Patients Correlates with Drug Levels and Viral Sensitivity by E.R. Lanier; W. Painter; T.K. Tippin; M. Anderson; B.M. Lampert; H. Mommeja-Marin; L.C. Trost (pp. a27-a28).

A Novel Method—Amenable for High-throughput Screening Purposes—to Quantify Antiviral Activity Against Viruses that Induce Limited CPE by Dirk Jochmans; Bernadette G. van den Hoogen; Pieter Leyssen; Ron A. Fouchier; Johan Neyts (pp. a33-a34).

A Computational Approach to Search Active Peptides as Membrane Fusion Inhibitors of HIV-1 by Yu-Shi Tian; Norihito Kawashita; Chris Verathamjamras; Kousuke Okamoto; Teruo Yasunaga; Masanori Kameoka; Tatsuya Takagi (pp. a76-a77).

Efficacy of Zanamivir Administered by Different Routes and at Different Times for Treatment of an Influenza A/CA/04/2009 (H1N1) Virus Infection in Mice by Bart Tarbet; Deanna Larson; Min-Hui Wong; Donald Smee (pp. a45).

Development of Antimicrobial Peptides as Topical Microbicides for the Prevention of HIV by Karen M. Watson; Ashlee D. Boczar; Guangshun Wang; Robert W. Buckheit Jr. (pp. a48-a49).

Prophylactic Activity of mDEF201 Against Vaccinia Virus Respiratory Infections in Mice by Donald F. Smee; Min-Hui Wong; Eric Sefing; Ramtin Rahbar; Jane Ennis; Jeffrey D. Turner (pp. a44).

HSV-1 and Alzheimer's Disease: The Case for Antiviral Treatment (pp. a69).

Studies of HIV Integrase Inhibitory Activity of Novel Isatine Derivatives by Periyasamy Selvam; Kasthuraiah Maddali; Christophe Marchand; Yves Pommier (pp. a43).

Investigation of Anti-EBV Activity of Ganciclovir in Combination with Antiflogistics by Svitlana D. Zagorodnya; Anna O. Kurova; Galina V. Baranova; O.L. Chyuko; Georgiy I. Danilenko; Nadiya V. Nesterova (pp. a66).

Recycling of HIV Particles is Required for Infection by Endocytosed Virus after Cell to Cell Transfer by Marc Permanyer; Ester Ballana; José A. Esté (pp. a51).

Long-term Inhibition of HIV-1 Replication in CD4⁺ T Cells Transduced with a Retroviral Vector Conditionally Expressing the Escherichia coli Endoribonuclease MazF by Mika Okamoto; Hideto Chono; Hiroshi Tsuda; Koichi Inoue; Junichi Mineno; Masanori Baba (pp. a38).

An Antiviral Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Human Metapneumovirus that is Amenable for High-throughput Screening Purposes by Pieter Leyssen; Bernadette G. van den Hoogen; Dirk Jochmans; Ron A. Fouchier; Johan Neyts (pp. a36).

Viral Genome Dynamics During Antiviral Resistance Selection: A First Glimpse into Viral Evolution by Simone Musiu; Jan Paeshuyse; Mathy Froeyen; Philippe Lemey; Johan Neyts (pp. a74).

In Vivo Efficacy of N-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) against Herpes simplex Virus Type 2 in Neonatal Guinea Pigs by Rhonda Cardin; Fernando Bravo; Clark Jennifer; Earwood Julie; Robert Glazer; Aquilur Rahman; David Bernstein (pp. a24-a25).

Oseltamivir Influences Hepatic Cytochrome P-450 Dependent Oxidative Metabolism in Influenza Virus Infected Mice by Milka M. Mileva; Lora S. Simeonova; Galya G. Genova; Angel S. Galabov (pp. a37-a38).

Pegasys As A Second Line of Effective Treatment Plan for G3 Non Responders of Conventional Therapy by Binish G. Arshad; Abida Raza; Samina Shakeel; Muhammad A. Anwar (pp. a53).

Impact of HIV Coinfection on State of Immunology of Patients with Chronic HCV-Infection by Natallia V. Matsieuskaya; Vladimir M. Tsyrkunov (pp. a58).

Antiviral Activity of Hemocyanin Isolated from Marine Snail Rapana venosa by Nadiya V. Nesterova; Svitlana D. Zagorodnya; Vesela Moshtanska; Pavlina Dolashka; Galina V. Baranova; Anna V. Golovan; Anna O. Kurova (pp. a38).

Susceptibility to Neuraminidase Inhibitors and M2 Blockers of Some Seasonal Influenza Strains Isolated in Bulgaria 2004–2007 by Lora Simeonova; Galina Gegova; Lucia Mukova; Angel S. Galabov; Rositza Koceva; Sylvie van der Werf (pp. a44).

Important Role for Protein Kinase C-α in Combined Pneumolysin/Influenza A Virus-induced Pulmonary Endothelial Hyperpermeability by Júlia Vergara-Alert; Supriya Sridhar; Guang Yang; Ian Davis; Trinad Chakraborty; Ayub Darji; Rudolf Lucas (pp. a26).

Inactivated Vaccine Against Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus as Surrogate Vaccine Against Omsk Hemorrhagic Fever Virus by Liubov Terekhina; Nataliya Pripuzova; Mikhail Vorovitch; Yulia Rogova; Lidiya Romanova; Nataliya Tereshkina; Andrey Timofeev; Galina Karganova (pp. a45).

Structural and functional characterization of human cytomegalovirus terminase leads to a new antiviral target by Marta Nadal; Zuzanna Kaczmarska; Philippe J. Mas; Alexandre G. Blanco; Carme Arnan; Maria Solà; Darren J. Hart; Miquel Coll (pp. a24).

Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 3-Methoxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl Nucleoside Esters Against HCV and HIV-1 by Nadejda Valiaeva; James R. Beadle; David L. Wyles; Robert T. Schooley; Karl Y. Hostetler (pp. a77).

Genome Specific Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Strains by Hairpin-type Peptide Nucleic Acid by Kunihiro Kaihatsu; Nobuo Kato (pp. a70).

Novel Chemical Compounds as Potential Blockers to the Swine-Origin Influenza A H1N1 (2009) Virus Replication by Roopali Rajput; Prashant Kumar; Binod Kumar; Madhu Khanna; Deepti Sharma; Divya Mathur; Ashok K. Prasad (pp. a39).

Mechanistic Studies on a Novel Hydrophobic Derivative of Aglycoristocetin with Potent and Broad Activity Against Influenza Viruses by Evelien Vanderlinden; Els Vanstreels; Kurt Vermeire; Dirk Daelemans; Pal Herczegh; Ferenc Sztaricskai; Lieve Naesens (pp. a47).

Inhibition of Herpes- and Adenovirus Replication by Extract of Artemia salina Cysts from Crimean Hypersaline Lakes by Olga Yu. Povnitsa; Lidiya N. Nosach; Irina I. Rudneva; Valentin G. Shayda; Nadiya V. Nesterova (pp. a62).

Targeting HCV (+) Strand RNA Genome by a Novel PNA–neamine Conjugate by Dineshkumar Manvar; Nootan Pandey; Virendra N. Pandey (pp. a72).

Coumarins Hybridized with Heterocycles or Ribonucleosides for Eradication of Hepatitis C Virus by Reuben Jih-Ru Hwu; Shu-Yu Lin; Shwu-Chen Tsay; R. Singha; J. Neyts (pp. a69).

New Antiviral Substances of Indoloquinoxaline and Diphenyl Nature by Georgiy V. Antonovych; Olena Bogorad-Kobelska; Nadia M. Zholobak; Sergiy A. Lyakhov; Maria O. Shibinska; Sergiy A. Andronati; Mykola Ya. Spivak (pp. a53).

3′,5′di- O-Trityluridine Inhibits Flavivirus (Dengue and Yellow Fever Virus) Replication and Targets the Viral RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase by Tine De Burghgraeve; Suzanne J.F. Kaptein; Kai Dallmeier; Barbara Selisko; Michael Jacobs; Bruno Canard; Arthur Van Aerschot; Johan Neyts (pp. a55).

Antiviral Activity of the Proteasome Inhibitor VL-01 against Human and Avian Influenza A Viruses (pp. a33).

Design and Synthesis of New Isatin Derivatives as HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Associated Ribonuclease H Inhibitors by Francesca Esposito; Rita Meleddu; Maria Luisa Sanna; Simona Distinto; Angela Corona; Valeria Cannas; Enzo Tramontano; Maria Cristina Cardia (pp. a32).

Anti-HBV Activities of Novel 2′,3′-C-substituted beta-l-nucleoside Analogues by Xiao-Xiong Zhou; Staffan Torssell; Olov Wallner; Piaoyang Sun; Tim Shaw; Zhuhui Huang; Charlotte Larsson; Bjorn Kull (pp. a78).

Antiviral Properties of New Cage Compounds by Yuri Klimochkin; Marat Baimuratov; Ekaterina Knyazeva; Nadezhda Baleeva; Marina Leonova; Michail Skomorokhov; Evgeny Belanov; Sergey Balakhnin (pp. a71).

Dioxolanel-Nucleoside Analogs Prevent Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication in Fibroblasts and Skin Organ Culture by Chandrav De; Satish Chavre; Chung. K. Chu; Jennifer Moffat (pp. a49-a50).

In silico Screening of Compounds Targeting Human Cyclin T1 and In vitro Evaluation of their Anti-HIV-1 Activity by Takayuki Hamasaki; Mika Okamoto; Masanori Baba (pp. a33).

Identification of Bicyclic Sulfone Inhibitors of HHV-6 Targeting the HHV-6 U77 Helicase by Lieve Naesens; Graciela Andrei; Robert Snoeck; Daniel Gerry; Joseph E. Banning; Phillip D. Wilkerson; Zoe M. Renew; Chad E. Stephens (pp. a60-a61).

Combine Action Rimantadine and Amizon on Flu Occasion by G. Danilenko; S. Rybalko; T. Bukhtiarova; V. Danilenko; S. Guzhova; O. Esipenko (pp. a31).

QSAR Analysis of Anti-influenza (A/H1N1) Activity of Azolo-adamantanes by Eugene Muratov; Ekaterina Varlamova; Anatoly Artemenko; Victor Kuz’min; Pavel Anfimov; Vladimir Zarubaev; Victor Saraev; Oleg Kiselev (pp. a74).

Azolo-adamantanes; Influenza A/H1N1; Selectivity index

Classical Swine Fever Outbreak Containment – Antivirals as an Epidemiologically and Economically Viable Alternative to Emergency Vaccination and Culling by Stefaan Ribbens; Nesya Goris; Johan Neyts; Jeroen Dewulf (pp. a40).

Antiviral Drug-Resistant Influenza Viruses in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, from 2005 to 2010 by Hangil Cho; Haekun Hong; Sukyoung Mun; Woonho Kim; Hyunkyung Lee; Mihye Yoon; Jongbok Lee (pp. a30).

Efficacy of Aminocaproic Acid use for Prevention of Some Infectious Diseases in Organized Collectives by V. Trihleb; V. Lozitsky; V. Smorgunova; S. Pozdnyakov; A. Voronkov (pp. a45-a46).

Relationship Between Homocysteine Serum Level and Other Blood Analyses Parameters in HIV-infected Patients by Bernardino Roca; José Antonio Ferrero; Maria Cruz del Monte; Elena Resino (pp. a40-a41).

Phosphoramidate Dinucleosides as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Subgenomic Replicon and NS5B Polymerase Activity by S. Priet; I. Zlatev; I. Barvik; J. Neyts; H. Dutartre; B. Canard; F. Morvan; K. Alvarez (pp. a75).

OBR-5-340—A Novel Pyrazolo-Pyrimidine Derivative with Strong Antiviral Activity Against Coxsackievirus B3 In Vitro and In Vivo by Heike Braun; Vadim A. Makarov; Olga B. Riabova; Elena S. Komarova; Martina Richter; Peter Wutzler; Michaela Schmidtke (pp. a29).

European Consortium on Antiviral Drug Development: SILVER by Jean-Louis Romette; Ernest Gould (pp. a63).

Antiviral Effect of Oxoglaucine in Combination with Some Enterovirus Replication Inhibitors by Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb; Adelina Stoyanova; Anna Metodieva; Angel S. Galabov (pp. a61).

Novel Derivatives of Abacavir – Synthesis and Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Type 1 in Cell Culture by Kamelia R. Stanoeva; Ivanka G. Stankova; Anton V. Hinkov; Ivailo I. Alexiev; Petya D. Genova-Kalou; Radoslav I. Chayrov; Radka M. Argirova (pp. a44-a45).

Effect of Molecular Symmetry on Potency in Novel Down-Modulators of the CD4 Receptor by Thomas W. Bell; Violeta G. Demillo; Florian Goulinet-Mateo; Rameez Ali; Nicholas C. Pflug; Chiraphorn Khan; Kurt Vermeire; Dominique Schols (pp. a68).

Intravitreal Alkoxyalkyl Esters of Cyclic Cidofovir for Treatment of Ocular Viral Infections by James R. Beadle; Lingyun Cheng; Karl Y. Hostetler; William R. Freeman (pp. a68).

In-vitro Screening for Compounds Active Against Polyomavirus BK: A Seven Year Experience by S. Parmjeet (pp. a63).

Inhibition of Enveloped Virus Infection of Cultured Cells by Valproic Acid by Angela Vázquez-Calvo; Juan-Carlos Sáiz; Francisco Sobrino; Miguel A. Martín-Acebes (pp. a47).

Rigid Amphipathic Fusion Inhibitors (RAFIs) Inhibit Infectivity of Enveloped Viruses by Targeting Envelope Lipids to Prevent Fusion With Cellular Membranes by Che C. Colpitts; Alexey V. Ustinov; Vladimir A. Korshun; Luis M. Schang (pp. a30-a31).

Amido tyrosine esters: a promising new approach to antiviral nucleoside phosphonate prodrugs by Charles E. McKenna; Boris A. Kashemirov; Valeria M. Zakharova; Ivan S. Krylov; Melissa Williams; Marcela Krečmerová; John C. Drach; John M. Hilfinger (pp. a23-a24).

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: Current and future prospects of vaccines and therapies by Maryam Keshtkar-Jahromi; Jens H. Kuhn; Iva Christova; Steven B. Bradfute; Peter B. Jahrling; Sina Bavari (pp. 85-92).

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne disease caused by CCHF virus (CCHFV), a nairovirus in the family Bunyaviridae. CCHF occurs sporadically in a number of countries in Asia, the Middle East, southeastern Europe and Africa. Patients may develop subclinical to severe hemorrhagic disease, with fatal outcomes in a substantial percentage of cases. Transmission usually occurs through contact with viremic livestock or patients or bites by infected ticks. The number of reported cases has increased in recent years, possibly due to global climatic change and human perturbations of biocenoses that may have led to the migration of tick vectors. There is currently no FDA-approved vaccine or specific antiviral therapy for CCHF. The classification of CCHFV as a WHO Risk Group IV pathogen and the lack of suitable animal models has caused progress in developing new prophylactic and therapeutic measures to be slow. Ribavirin is active against CCHFV in vitro, but its efficacy for human therapy has not been definitively demonstrated by clinical studies. CCHF-immunoglobulin is also in use, but without clear evidence of efficacy. In this article, we review the development of prophylaxis and therapy for CCHF and discuss future prospects for vaccine and drug development.

Keywords: Abbreviations; ALT; alanine aminotransferase; CCHF; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; CCHFV; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; CCL; chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CFA; complement-fixation assay; ELISA; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FDA; US Food and Drug Administration; IFN; interferon; IL; interleukin; mAb; monoclonal antibody; NIAID; US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; PKR; protein kinase R; RT-PCR; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; STAT; signal transducer and activator of transcription; TNF; tumor necrosis factor; VLP; virus-like particle; WHO; World Health OrganizationCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever; Bunyavirus; Nairovirus; Priority pathogen; Ribavirin; Antiviral therapy; Viral hemorrhagic fever

New opportunities in anti-hepatitis C virus drug discovery: Targeting NS4B by Roopa Rai; Jerome Deval (pp. 93-101).

Current therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection constitutes a combination of pegylated interferon alfa-2a or alpha-2b and ribavirin. Although successful for many patient populations, this regimen has numerous limitations, including non-response, relapse, poor tolerability and long duration of treatment. To address these shortcomings, new small molecule agents are advancing in clinical development. Most of the current clinical candidates act by directly inhibiting key enzymes in the viral life-cycle: the NS5B polymerase, or the NS3/4A protease. Less well-studied, the non-structural 4B (NS4B) protein has recently emerged as an alternative target for Direct-acting Antiviral Agents (DAAs). NS4B is a 27-kDa membrane protein that is primarily involved in the formation of membrane vesicles – also named membranous web – used as scaffold for the assembly of the HCV replication complex. In addition, NS4B contains NTPase and RNA binding activities, as well as anti-apoptotic properties. This review summarizes the current understanding of the structure and functions of NS4B, an essential component of the replication machinery of HCV. In this literature and patent review, we report the recent developments in anti-NS4B drug discovery. These advances open the possibility for future combination therapies with other DAAs.

Keywords: Abbreviations; HCV; hepatitis C virus; kDa; kilo Dalton; NS4B; non-structural protein 4B; NTPase; nucleoside triphosphatase; ssRNA; single-stranded RNA; DAA; Direct-acting Antiviral Agent; ER; endoplasmic reticulum; GT; genotype; AH; amphipatic helix; ATP; adenosine triphosphate; ADP; adenosine diphosphate; Arg; arginine; Ala; alanine; Cys; cysteine; GFP; green fluorescent protein; IFN; interferon; UTR; un-translated region; TM; trans-membrane; IRES; internal ribosome entry siteChronic hepatitis C virus; HCV; NS4B; Membranous web; Inhibitor; Clemizole hydrochloride

Arenaviruses and hantaviruses: From epidemiology and genomics to antivirals by R.N. Charrel; B. Coutard; C. Baronti; B. Canard; A. Nougairede; A. Frangeul; B. Morin; S. Jamal; C.L. Schmidt; R. Hilgenfeld; B. Klempa; X. de Lamballerie (pp. 102-114).

The arenaviruses and hantaviruses are segmented genome RNA viruses that are hosted by rodents. Due to their association with rodents, they are globally widespread and can infect humans via direct or indirect routes of transmission, causing considerable human morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, despite their obvious and emerging importance as pathogens, there are currently no effective antiviral drugs (except ribavirin which proved effective against Lassa virus) with which to treat humans infected by any of these viruses. The EU-funded VIZIER project (Comparative Structural Genomics of Viral Enzymes Involved in Replication) was instigated with an ultimate view of contributing to the development of antiviral therapies for RNA viruses, including the arenaviruses and bunyaviruses. This review highlights some of the major features of the arenaviruses and hantaviruses that have been investigated during recent years. After describing their classification and epidemiology, we review progress in understanding the genomics as well as the structure and function of replicative enzymes achieved under the VIZIER program and the development of new disease control strategies.

Keywords: Hantavirus; Arenavirus; Zoonosis; Antiviral therapy

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Antiviral Research (v.90, #2)