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Analytica Chimica Acta (v.752, #)
Large-scale prediction of drug–target interactions using protein sequences and drug topological structures by Dong-Sheng Cao; Shao Liu; Qing-Song Xu; Hong-Mei Lu; Jian-Hua Huang; Qian-Nan Hu; Yi-Zeng Liang (pp. 1-10).
Display Omitted► Drug–target interactions are predicted using an extended SAR methodology. ► A drug–target interaction is regarded as an event triggered by many factors. ► Molecular fingerprint and CTD descriptors are used to represent drugs and proteins. ► Our approach shows compatibility between the new scheme and current SAR methodology.The identification of interactions between drugs and target proteins plays a key role in the process of genomic drug discovery. It is both consuming and costly to determine drug–target interactions by experiments alone. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new in silico prediction approaches capable of identifying these potential drug–target interactions in a timely manner. In this article, we aim at extending current structure–activity relationship (SAR) methodology to fulfill such requirements. In some sense, a drug–target interaction can be regarded as an event or property triggered by many influence factors from drugs and target proteins. Thus, each interaction pair can be represented theoretically by using these factors which are based on the structural and physicochemical properties simultaneously from drugs and proteins. To realize this, drug molecules are encoded with MACCS substructure fingerings representing existence of certain functional groups or fragments; and proteins are encoded with some biochemical and physicochemical properties. Four classes of drug–target interaction networks in humans involving enzymes, ion channels, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and nuclear receptors, are independently used for establishing predictive models with support vector machines (SVMs). The SVM models gave prediction accuracy of 90.31%, 88.91%, 84.68% and 83.74% for four datasets, respectively. In conclusion, the results demonstrate the ability of our proposed method to predict the drug–target interactions, and show a general compatibility between the new scheme and current SAR methodology. They open the way to a host of new investigations on the diversity analysis and prediction of drug–target interactions.
Keywords: Drug–target interactions; Chemoinformatics; Molecular fingerprint; Support vector machines; Extended structure–activity relationship
An overview of the analytical methods for the determination of organic ultraviolet filters in biological fluids and tissues by Alberto Chisvert; Zacarías León-González; Isuha Tarazona; Amparo Salvador; Dimosthenis Giokas (pp. 11-29).
Display Omitted► Papers describing the determination of UV filters in fluids and tissues are reviewed. ► Matrix complexity and low amounts of analytes require effective sample treatments. ► The published papers do not cover the study of all the substances allowed as UV filters. ► New analytical methods for UV filters determination in these matrices are encouraged.Organic UV filters are chemical compounds added to cosmetic sunscreen products in order to protect users from UV solar radiation. The need of broad-spectrum protection to avoid the deleterious effects of solar radiation has triggered a trend in the cosmetic market of including these compounds not only in those exclusively designed for sun protection but also in all types of cosmetic products.Different studies have shown that organic UV filters can be absorbed through the skin after topical application, further metabolized in the body and eventually excreted or bioaccumulated. These percutaneous absorption processes may result in various adverse health effects, such as genotoxicity caused by the generation of free radicals, which can even lead to mutagenic or carcinogenic effects, and estrogenicity, which is associated with the endocrine disruption activity caused by some of these compounds.Due to the absence of official monitoring protocols, there is a demand for analytical methods that enable the determination of UV filters in biological fluids and tissues in order to retrieve more information regarding their behavior in the human body and thus encourage the development of safer cosmetic formulations. In view of this demand, there has recently been a noticeable increase in the development of sensitive and selective analytical methods for the determination of UV filters and their metabolites in biological fluids (i.e., urine, plasma, breast milk and semen) and tissues. The complexity of the biological matrix and the low concentration levels of these compounds inevitably impose sample treatment processes that afford both sample clean-up to remove potentially interfering matrix components as well as the enrichment of analytes in order to achieve their determination at very low concentration levels.The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the determination of UV filters in biological fluids and tissues, with special emphasis on the elucidation of new metabolites, sample preparation and analytical techniques as well as occurrence levels.
Keywords: Biological fluids; Biological tissues; Body disposition; Percutaneous absorption; Sunscreen; Cosmetic products; Ultraviolet filters
An advanced multivariate approach for processing X-ray fluorescence spectral and hyperspectral data from non-invasive in situ analyses on painted surfaces by Giorgia Sciutto; Paolo Oliveri; Silvia Prati; Marta Quaranta; Silvia Bersani; Rocco Mazzeo (pp. 30-38).
Display Omitted► XRF spectroscopy was applied for in situ non-invasive analysis of painted surfaces. ► Whole spectra, considered as fingerprints, were submitted to multivariate analysis. ► Slight horizontal shifts were corrected by a peak-alignment algorithm. ► Multivariate maps and brushing allowed the location of multi-element components. ► The approach helped to overcome common difficulties in interpretation of XRF spectra.In the last decades, in situ non-invasive analytical techniques have been widely used for the analysis of paintings. These techniques are useful to extensively map the surface in a non-invasive way, in order to identify the most representative areas to be sampled. When spectroscopic investigations, such as X ray fluorescence (XRF), are conducted, they usually imply the acquisition of a huge amount of measurements. Subsequently, all these data should be processed in situ, in order to immediately support the sampling strategies. To this aim, an appropriate and fast strategy for multivariate treatment of XRF spectral and hyperspectral data sets is presented, able to account for inter-correlation among variables, which is an issue of high importance for elemental analyses. The main advantage of the approach is that XRF spectral profiles are analysed directly, without computation of derived parameters, by means of principal component analysis (PCA). This procedure allows a fast interpretation of results that can be accomplished in situ. Particular attention was paid to the selection of proper spectral pre-treatments to be applied on data together with the use of several chemometric tools (peak alignment, spectra normalisation and exploratory analysis) aimed at improving the interpretation of XRF results. In addition, the application of multivariate exploratory analysis on XRF hyperspectral maps was studied by using an interactive brushing procedure. The multivariate approach was validated on data obtained from the analysis of the famous Renaissance panel painting “The Ideal City”, exhibited in Palazzo Ducale of Urbino, Italy.
Keywords: X-ray fluorescence (XRF); In situ; non-invasive analysis; Painting; Principal component analysis (PCA); Multivariate hyperspectral elemental maps; Brushing
Electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid biosensor based on carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide and poly-l-lysine modified electrode for the detection of tlh gene sequence related to vibrio parahaemolyticus by Wei Sun; Yuanyuan Zhang; Xiaomei Ju; Guangjiu Li; Hongwei Gao; Zhenfan Sun (pp. 39-44).
Display Omitted► Ploy-l-lysine modified glassy carbon electrode was prepared by electropolymerization. ► A carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide was synthesized and decorated on PLLy/GCE. ► Electrochemical DNA biosensor based on GO-COOH/PLLy/GCE was fabricated. ► The tlh gene related to vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected successfully.A carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide (GO-COOH) and electropolymerized ploy-l-lysine (PLLy) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was fabricated and used for the construction of an electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) biosensor. The NH2 modified probe ssDNA sequences were immobilized on the surface of GO-COOH/PLLy/GCE by covalent linking with the formation of amide bonds, which was stable and furthur hybridized with the target ssDNA sequence. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to monitor the hybridization events with methylene blue as electrochemical indicator, which gave a sensitive reduction peak at −0.287V (vs. SCE). Under the optimal conditions the reduction peak current was proportional to the concentration of tlh gene sequence in the range from 1.0×10−12 to 1.0×10−6molL−1 with a detection limit as 1.69×10−13molL−1 (3σ). The polymerase chain reaction products of tlh gene from oyster samples were detected with satisfactory results, indicating the potential application of this electrochemical DNA sensor.
Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; Carboxyl functionalized graphene oxide; Ploy-; l; -lysine; Glassy carbon electrode; Electrochemical deoxyribonucleic acid biosensor
Electrochemical study of nitrobenzene reduction using novel Pt nanoparticles/macroporous carbon hybrid nanocomposites by Yufan Zhang; Lijun Zeng; Xiangjie Bo; Huan Wang; Liping Guo (pp. 45-52).
A one-step microwave-assisted route for rapidly synthesizing Pt nanoparticles ensemble on macroporous carbon hybrid nanocomposites (PNMPC) has been reported. As a novel electrode material, the excellent electrochemical behavior of nitrobenzene was investigated thoroughly at the PNMPC modified glassy carbon electrode. And moreover, the modified electrode was successfully applied to the determination of nitrobenzene in real samples.Display Omitted► One-step microwave-assisted heating synthesis Pt nanoparticles/macroporous carbon hybrid nanocomposites (PNMPC). ► Catalytic rate constant being 3.14×104M−1s−1 for NB in pH 7.0. ► Sensitive electrochemical detection of NB at the PNMPC/Nafion/GC electrode. ► The electrode showing excellent anti-interference ability and good stability for NB.Novel Pt nanoparticles (PN) ensemble on macroporous carbon (MPC) hybrid nanocomposites (PNMPC) were prepared through a rapidly and simple one-step microwave-assisted heating procedure. The obtained PNMPC was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical reduction of nitrobenzene (NB) was thoroughly investigated at the PNMPC modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode, and the catalytic rate constant was calculated to be 3.14×104M−1s−1 for NB. A sensitive NB sensor was developed based on the PNMPC/GC electrode, which showed a wide linear range (1–200μM), low detection limit (50nM), high sensitivity (6.93μAμM−1), excellent anti-interference ability and good stability. And moreover, the electrode was successfully applied to the determination of NB in real samples.
Keywords: Macroporous carbon; Platinum nanoparticles; Hybrid nanocomporsites; Nitrobenzene; Electrocatalysis
Ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersive liquid extraction for the determination of intermediates in hair dyes with ion chromatography by Zhixiong Zhong; Gongke Li; Yanhong Wu; Zhibin Luo; Binghui Zhu (pp. 53-61).
Display Omitted► An UA-MSPDLE was developed for separating dye intermediates. ► Analytes in hair dyes were detected by ion chromatography. ► Extraction and cleanup were integrated into one step to greatly simplify operation. ► Method was accomplished within 9min with high efficiency under synergistic effects. ► Matrix interferences were eliminated effectively.A novel one-step sample preparation technique called ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersive liquid extraction was developed. After sample matrices being dispersed, target analytes were extracted into acid solutions and fat and lipin were dissolved in n-hexane while the interfering components were retained by dispersing sorbent. The extraction process could be rapidly accomplished within 9min with high sample throughput under the synergistic effects of vibration, ultrasound action and heating. The extraction efficiency of approach was demonstrated for the determination of intermediates in commercial hair dyes with ion chromatography. Linearity ranges of 0.2–100mgL−1 and detection limits varying from 0.019 to 0.048mgL−1 were achieved. The recoveries ranged from 85.7 to 107.0% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.31–3.7%. These results showed that the method was simple, time-saving, reliable and suitable for the routine analysis of intermediates in large numbers of hair dyes.
Keywords: Ultrasound-assisted matrix solid-phase dispersive liquid extraction; Ion chromatography; Intermediates; Hair dyes
Enantiomer-specific determination of hexabromocyclododecane in fish by supramolecular solvent-based single-step sample treatment and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry by A.B. Lara; C. Caballo; M.D. Sicilia; S. Rubio (pp. 62-68).
Display Omitted► A solvent consisting of decanoic acid aggregates is proposed for microextraction. ► Hexabromocyclododecane stereoisomers are quantitatively extracted from fish samples. ► The sample treatment approach is simple, rapid, inexpensive and eco-friendly. ► Sample extracts are directly analyzed by chiral LC–MS/MS. ► The method provides quantitation limits at the low ngg−1 level.A single-step, environmentally friendly sample treatment was developed and used in combination with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) for the quantitation of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) stereoisomers in fish. It was based on the microextraction of the stereoisomers with a supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS) made up of reverse aggregates of decanoic acid (DeA). The procedure involved the stirring of the fish sample (750mg) with 600μL of SUPRAS for five minutes, subsequent centrifugation for extract separation from matrix components and direct analysis of the extract after dilution 1:1 with methanol. Individual enantiomers of α-, β- and γ-HBCD were separated on a chiral stationary phase of β-cyclodextrin and quantified by monitoring of the [M−H]−→Br− transition at m/ z 640.9→80.9. Driving forces for the microextraction of HBCD in the SUPRAS involved both dispersion and dipole–dipole interactions. Quantitation limits for the determination of individual HBCD enantiomers in hake, cod, sole, panga, whiting and sea bass were within the intervals 0.5–3.4ngg−1, 0.9–2.5ngg−1, 0.6–1.4ngg−1, 1.0–5.6ngg−1, 0.8–1.3ngg−1 and 0.5–3.5ngg−1, respectively. Recoveries for fish samples fortified at the ngg−1 level ranged between 87 and 114% with relative standard deviations from 1 to 10%. The sample treatment proposed greatly simplifies current procedures for extraction of HBCD stereoisomers and is a useful tool for the development of a large scale database for their presence in fish.
Keywords: Supramolecular solvent; Microextraction; Chiral analysis; Hexabromocyclododecane; Fish samples
Rapid quality assessment of Radix Aconiti Preparata using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry by Hongbin Zhu; Chunyan Wang; Yao Qi; Fengrui Song; Zhiqiang Liu; Shuying Liu (pp. 69-77).
Display Omitted► DART MS combined with PCA and HCA was used to rapidly identify markers of Radix Aconiti. ► The DART MS behavior of six aconitine-type alkaloids was investigated. ► Chemical markers were recognized between the qualified and unqualified samples. ► DART MS was shown to be an effective tool for quality control of Radix Aconiti Preparata.This study presents a novel and rapid method to identify chemical markers for the quality control of Radix Aconiti Preparata, a world widely used traditional herbal medicine. In the method, the samples with a fast extraction procedure were analyzed using direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART MS) combined with multivariate data analysis. At present, the quality assessment approach of Radix Aconiti Preparata was based on the two processing methods recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia for the purpose of reducing the toxicity of Radix Aconiti and ensuring its clinical therapeutic efficacy. In order to ensure the safety and effectivity in clinical use, the processing degree of Radix Aconiti should be well controlled and assessed. In the paper, hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed to evaluate the DART MS data of Radix Aconiti Preparata samples in different processing times. The results showed that the well processed Radix Aconiti Preparata, unqualified processed and the raw Radix Aconiti could be clustered reasonably corresponding to their constituents. The loading plot shows that the main chemical markers having the most influence on the discrimination amongst the qualified and unqualified samples were mainly some monoester diterpenoid aconitines and diester diterpenoid aconitines, i.e. benzoylmesaconine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, neoline, benzoylhypaconine, benzoylaconine, fuziline, aconitine and 10-OH-mesaconitine. The established DART MS approach in combination with multivariate data analysis provides a very flexible and reliable method for quality assessment of toxic herbal medicine.
Keywords: Radix Aconiti; Radix Aconiti Preparata; Direct analysis in real time; Hierarchical clustering analysis; Principal component analysis
Determination of cyromazine and melamine in chicken eggs using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) extraction coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry by Pei-Cheng Wang; Ren-Jye Lee; Chung-Yu Chen; Chi-Chung Chou; Maw-Rong Lee (pp. 78-86).
Display Omitted► The QuEChERS coupled with LC–MS/MS method was validated in a single laboratory. ► The detection limits for analyzing cyromazine and melamine were low to ngg−1. ► The proposed method was applied to analyze analytes in chicken eggs from markets.A rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the simultaneous detection of cyromazine and melamine in chicken eggs using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method coupled with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The optimal extraction solvent for the liquid–liquid extraction was 5mL of acetonitrile with a 0.1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (99.5:0.5, v/v). The extract was cleaned with 0.5g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate and 10mg of graphitized carbon black. The analysis of cyromazine and melamine was accomplished by combining the use of an anion exchange LC column with tandem mass spectrometry in the positive electrospray ionization mode with selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). The detection limits were 1.6ngg−1 for cyromazine and 8ngg−1 for melamine, and the quantitation limits were 5.5ngg−1 for cyromazine and 25ngg−1 for melamine. The recoveries of cyromazine and melamine in the spiked egg samples were 83.2% and 104.6%, respectively, with an relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 18.1%. The intra-day and inter-day precisions, represented by the RSD, ranged from 1.5% to 8.8% and 6.8% to 14.3%, respectively. The proposed method was tested by analyzing chicken eggs from the markets and from the veterinary medicine laboratory. The concentrations of cyromazine and melamine detected in these samples were in the range of 20–94ngg−1. The results demonstrated that the QuEChERS method combined with LC–MS/MS is a simple, rapid and inexpensive method for the analysis of cyromazine and melamine in eggs.
Keywords: Cyromazine; Melamine; QuEChERS; LC–MS/MS; Degradation
Inverse opal pH sensors with various protic monomers copolymerized with polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogel by Jinsub Shin; Sung Gu Han; Wonmok Lee (pp. 87-93).
Display Omitted► We polymerized four different inverse opal pH sensors by using vinyl monomers containing acidic or basic substituents. ► Stepwise swelling response from polyprotic acid sensor was investigated. ► Opposite color changing responses were obtained for acidic and basic sensors. ► Composite pH sensor with wide pH sensing range was fabricated by mixing different monomers. ► Both acid and base sensors show the response time as fast as ∼10s.pH sensitive inverse opal sensors were synthesized using various vinyl monomers containing acidic or basic substituents. Acrylic acid (AA), vinylphosphonic acid (VPA), vinylimidazole (VI), and dimethylaminoethylmethacrylic acid (DMAEMA) were respectively copolymerized with hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), the building block monomer of the hydrogel via UV-initiated photopolymerization. Opal templating and subsequent template removal enabled the fabrication of four inverse opal (IO) hydrogel colorimetric sensors, which responded to pH in different fashions. pH-dependent swelling of the IO hydrogel induced the red-shift of the diffracted color. The sensors containing AA or VPA, the proton donating monomers showed the color shifts from green to red with pH increase due to the increased concentration of carboxylate anions bound to the hydrogel. Diprotic VPA sensor exhibited two-step increases of diffracted wavelengths at its p Ka1 and p Ka2 respectively. The sensors containing proton acceptors, VI and DMAEMA showed the pH-dependent color changes in an opposite way to the AA sensor and the VPA sensor since their ionizations take place by lowering pH due to the protonation at the amino groups. The shapes of pH response curves of VI and DMAEMA sensors were similar but p Kbs were different from each other. Optical diffraction responses of four sensors were compared with the calculated concentration ratios of the ionized species to the total monomer with pH variation, and a deswelling effect in the vicinities of p Kas of phosphate buffer on the swelling response could be explained by shrinkage of PHEMA hydrogel under high ionic environment. In addition, copolymerization of AA, VPA and HEMA was carried out which resulted in a pH sensor exhibiting a wider range of pH for color change.
Keywords: Inverse opal; Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate hydrogel; pH sensor; Vinylphosphonic acid; Vinylimidazole; Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylic acid
Poly(alizarin red)/Graphene modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous determination of purine and pyrimidine by Xi Ba; Liqiang Luo; Yaping Ding; Zhen Zhang; Yuliang Chu; Bijun Wang; Xiaoqian Ouyang (pp. 94-100).
DPVs of PAR/Graphene/GCE (a) and the bare GCE (c) in 0.1M PBS containing 50.0μM G, 50.0μM A, 100.0μM T and 100.0μM C, (b) PAR/Graphene/GCE in 0.1M PBS.Display Omitted► The sensor exhibited well-separated peaks and low detection limit. ► The sensor possesses high sensitivity and wide linear range. ► The sensor was used for simultaneous detection of G, A, T and C successfully. ► The sensor was applied in a fish sperm DNA sample with satisfactory results. ► The proposed sensor has good stability and reproducibility.In this work, a poly(alizarin red)/Graphene composite film modified glassy carbon electrode (PAR/Graphene/GCE) was prepared for simultaneous determination of four DNA bases (guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine) without any pretreatment. The morphology and interface property of PAR/Graphene films were examined by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The PAR/Graphene/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward purine (guanine and adenine) and pyrimidine (thymine and cytosine) in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4). Under optimum conditions, differential pulse voltammetry was used to detect the oxidation of purine and pyrimidine. The results showed that PAR/Graphene/GCE exhibited well-separated peaks, low detection limit, high sensitivity and wide linear range for simultaneous detection of purine and pyrimidine. The proposed sensor also has good stability and reproducibility. Furthermore, the modified electrode was applied for the detection of DNA bases in a fish sperm DNA sample with satisfactory results.
Keywords: Poly alizarin red; Graphene; Purine; Pyrimidine
Ultrathin CdSe nanosheets: Synthesis and application in simultaneous determination of catechol and hydroquinone by Xia Cao; Xiaolan Cai; Quanchen Feng; Shu Jia; Ning Wang (pp. 101-105).
Display Omitted► Ultrathin crystalline CdSe nanosheets were synthesized through a facile solution processes. ► Electrocatalytic activityof CdSe toward the oxidation of catecholand and hydroquinone was reported. ► Simultaneous electrochemical determination of catecholand and hydroquinone was demonstrated.Ultrathin crystalline CdSe nanosheets have been synthesized through a facile solution processes. Their application to simultaneous electrochemical determination of catechol and hydroquinone is demonstrated. The few-layer single crystalline CdSe modified electrode exhibits strong electrocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of a mixture of catechol and hydroquinone. The excellent analytical performance makes the ultrathin CdSe nanomaterials promising for the development of electrochemical sensors for potential applications in medicine, biotechnology and environmental chemistry.
Keywords: CdSe nanosheet; Simultaneous Determination; Catechol; Hydroquinone
A micro trapping system coupled with a high performance liquid chromatography procedure for methylamine determination in both tissue and cigarette smoke by Yongqian Zhang; Jian Mao; Peter H. Yu; Shengyuan Xiao (pp. 106-111).
Display Omitted► Methylamine was separated from nonvolatile biogenic amines by distillation. ► It was collected by a cold trap at −80°C. ► The distillate was analysed by a high proficiency liquid chromatography procedure. ► High sensitivity was further guaranteed by very sensitive fluorescent detector.Both endogenous and exogenous methylamine have been found to be involved in many human disorders. The quantitative assessment of methylamine has drawn considerable interest in recent years. Although there have been many papers about the determination of methylamine, only a few of them involved cigarette smoke or mammalian tissue analysis. The major hurdles of the determination of methylamine are the collection of methylamine from samples and the differentiation of methylamine from the background compounds, e.g., biogenic amines. We have solved this problem using a micro trapping system coupled with an HPLC procedure. The interference from other biogenic amines has been avoided. The high selectivity of this method was achieved using four techniques: distillation, trapping, HPLC separation and selective detection. The chromatograms of both mouse tissues and cigarette smoke are simple, with only a few peaks. The method is easy and efficient and it has been validated and applied to the determination of methylamine in tissues of normal CD 1 mice and cigarette smoke. The methylamine contents were determined to be approximately 268.3ngg−1 in the liver, 429.5ngg−1 in the kidney and 547.4ngg−1 in the brain respectively. The methylamine in the cigarette smoke was approximately 213ng to 413ng per cigarette. These results in tissues and in cigarette smoke were found to be consistent with the data in the previous literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a method suitable for methylamine analysis in both mammalian tissue and cigarette smoke.
Keywords: Methylamine; Trapping; Mammalian tissue; Cigarette smoke; Semicarbazide sensitive amine oxidase